Coastal Services Center

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

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Module 8-Lesson 1
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Federal Regulatory Authority Over Lands Beneath Navigable Waters (1 of 5)


The Balance of Power

A distinct characteristic of the American Public Trust Doctrine is that federal and state governments exercise concurrent authorities over Public Trust interests. The balance of power shifts according to the interest at stake.

The balance of power between state and federal governments shifts according to circumstances.

Courts examine the circumstances and purpose of any federal or state action before applying the general principles of

  • Supremacy
  • Preemption
  • Sovereign immunity
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