[Skip Navigation]

Who Uses the Marine Environment in and near MPAs? How?


Many users benefit from the marine environment; they are members of multiple sectors, including tourism, recreation, real estate, industry, and commerce.

In addition to those sectors that directly use the resource, additional indirect users may be affected by MPA decisions. For example, when restrictions are put upon a marine resource, additional business owners who depend on the resource for a portion of their livelihood may be affected. Therefore, MPA staff members must be able to identify the direct and indirect resource users and consider how decisions will impact each sector.

How Can Knowing This Help Me?

Knowing who uses the marine environment may help identify

  • Who is impacted by decision making and to what extent
  • Sources of conflict among users
  • Who should be involved in the decision-making process
  • Where to efficiently direct educational efforts

What Are Some Tools I Can Use?