Coastal Services Center

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

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What Do People Perceive the Effect of MPAs Will Be on Their Jobs and Livelihoods?


When an MPA is created, the primary concern for most people is how it might impact their lives. Their support for opposition to the MPA could be based on this factor. While some may think their source of livelihood is at risk, others may expect the MPAs to provide them with more jobs and a better livelihood. Others may not see the impacts of the MPA until decisions are made. MPA managers and staff need to understand who will be impacted and how they will be impacted, and in some cases address these expectations to avoid future conflict.

How Can Knowing This Help Me?

Knowledge of how people perceive the impacts MPAs might have on their jobs and livelihoods will help managers

  • Identify the primary areas of fear and over expectations
  • Determine which individuals are opposed to or support the MPA and why
  • Focus education and outreach efforts
  • Modify management strategies to reduce any negative impact on users

What Are Some Tools I Can Use?