A comprehensive needs assessment for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Estuarine Research Reserves was recently completed. For the needs assessment, each of the 25 reserves identified existing and potential uses for remotely sensed data. The results are being used to help the reserves learn from each other and expand their use of this technology, and to assist the programs as they make future technology-related decisions.
Current Uses
As expected, the experiences of the reserves vary widely. Some reserves don't have the time or expertise to use existing data, while others are searching for additional data sets to meet their growing needs. Aerial photography is the primary source of remotely sensed data, although several of the reserves use satellite data.
By far the most common use of remote sensing is to develop maps—maps to create management plans and for outreach purposes. These maps represent an important tool for the programs, as they document the physical characteristics of the site and give an accurate and illustrative "big picture" view of a reserve.
Baseline land cover and change maps seem to be particularly useful for the reserves. The baseline maps are used to prioritize land acquisitions, guide research activities, and gauge the extent of invasive species, while the land cover change maps are effective in monitoring the success of management strategies, such as controlled burning over time.
Future Uses/Current Needs
A number of management issues could benefit from an increase in the use of remotely sensed data in a geographic information system (GIS), including permitting, controlling storm water runoff, conducting risk assessments, examining historical changes, monitoring erosion, and deciding where to focus restoration efforts. The most common data need is for upland land cover, followed by information on benthic or subtidal habitats.
One of the primary hindrances to expanding the use of remotely sensed data is a lack of training and personnel. NOAA's Coastal Services Center and Estuarine Reserves Division are addressing this issue by providing the course "Remote Sensing for Spatial Analysts" and other training to personnel from each of the reserves.
Future Actions
With the needs assessment, the state of remote sensing and the related needs and obstacles within the reserves have been documented. This information is being used to determine how remote sensing can best help the sites and the system as a whole.
To address the common issues, the Estuarine Reserves Division is researching various remote sensing technologies and methodologies. By addressing common issues with compatible technologies and methods, the reserve system will position itself to be the nation's sentinel for the health of our estuarine environments.
This needs assessment was conducted by the NOAA Coastal Services Center and the NOAA Estuarine Reserves Division. To read the report, visit www.csc.noaa.gov/crs/nerr/.
