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References

Abraham, B.J., and P.L. Dillon. 1986. "Species Profiles: Life Histories and Environmental Requirements of Coastal Fishes and Invertebrates (mid-Atlantic): Softshell Clam." U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Biological Report 82(11.68). U.S. Army Corps of Engineers TR EL-82-4.

Ahn, I., G. Lopez, and R. Malouf. 1993. "Effects of the Gem Clam, Gemma gemma, on Early Post-settlement Emigration, Growth and Survival of the Hard Clam, Mercenaria mercenaria." Marine Ecology Progress Series. Volume 90. Pages 61 to 70.

Azarovitz, T.R., C.J. Byrne, E.S. Prichard, L.I. Despres-Patanjo, and H.A. Foster. 1985. "Distribution and Abundance Trends of 22 Selected Species in the Middle Atlantic Bight from Bottom Trawl Surveys During 1967-1979." Northeast Fisheries Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

Berg, D., and J. Levinton. 1985. "The Biology of the Hudson-Raritan Estuary, with Emphasis on Fishes." NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS OMA 16.

Buckley, J. 1989. "Species Profiles: Life Histories and Environmental Requirements of Coastal Fishes and Invertebrates (mid-Atlantic): Winter Flounder." U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Biological Report 82(11.87). U.S. Army Corps of Engineers TR EL-82-4.

Caracciolo, J., and F. Steimle. 1983. "An Atlas of the Distribution and Abundance of Dominant Benthic Invertebrates in the New York Bight Apex with Reviews of Their Life Histories." NOAA Technical Report NMFS SSRF-766.

Cerrato, R.M. 1986. "The Benthic Fauna of Newark Bay." U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Special Report 68(86-3). Marine Sciences Research Center, State University of New York. Stony Brook, New York.

Chesapeake Bay Program. 1987. "Habitat Requirements for Chesapeake Bay Living Resources." Chesapeake Bay Living Resources Task Force.

Cook, D.G., and R.O. Brinkhurst. 1973. "Marine Flora and Fauna of the Northeastern United States, Annelida: Oligochaeta." National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and National Marine Fisheries Service, U.S. Department of Commerce. Seattle, Washington.

Dean, D. 1975. "Raritan Bay Macrobenthos Survey, 1957-1960." National Marine Fisheries Service Report 99.

Diaz, R.J., and D.F. Boesch. 1982. "The Macrobenthos of the Hudson-Raritan Estuary." Unpublished Report: Benthos of the New York Bight. Chapter VI.

Dowhan, J.J., T.A. Halavik, A.S. Milliken, A.B. MacLachlan, M.M. Caplis, and K.K. Lima. 1995. "Significant Habitats and Habitat Complexes of the New York Bight Watershed." Southern New England-New York Bight Coastal Ecosystems Program, United States Fish and Wildlife Service.

Erseus, C. 1998. "Oligochaetes." Swedish Museum of Natural History Web Site. http://www.nrm.se/ev/research/oligo.html.en

Eversole, A.G. 1987. "Species Profiles: Life Histories and Environmental Requirements of Coastal Fishes and Invertebrates (mid-Atlantic): Hard Clam." U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Biological Report 82(11.75). U.S. Army Corps of Engineers TR EL-82-4.

Fay, C.W., R.J. Neves, and G.B. Pardue. 1983. "Species Profiles: Life Histories and Environmental Requirements of Coastal Fishes and Invertebrates (Mid-Atlantic): Surf Clam." U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Biological Report 82(11.13). U.S. Army Corps of Engineers TR EL-82-4.

Fenchel, T., and C. Bernard. 1995a. "Mats of Colourless Sulphur Bacteria: Major Microbial Processes." Marine Ecology Progress Series. Volume 128. Pages 161 to 170.

Fenchel, T., and C. Bernard. 1995b. "Mats of Colourless Sulphur Bacteria: Structure, Composition of Biota and Successional Patterns." Marine Ecology Progress Series. Volume 128. Pages 171 to 179.

Fisher, J.B. 1982. "Effects of Macrobenthos on the Chemical Diagenesis of Freshwater Sediments." Pages 177 to 211. In: P.L. McCall and M.J.S. Tevesz, eds. Animal-Sediment Relations; the Biogenic Alteration of Sediments. Plenum Press. New York.

Franz, D. 1990. "Dietary Study of the Winter Flounder (Pseudopluronectes americanus) and the Secondary Production of its Major Food Species, the Amphipod Ampelisca abdita in Jamaica Bay, Gateway NRA." Final Report to the U.S. National Park Service. Brooklyn, New York.

Franz, D., and W. Harris. 1988. "Seasonal and Spatial Variability in Macrobenthos Communities in Jamaica Bay, New York-An Urban Estuary," Estuaries. Volume 11, Number 1. Pages 15 to 28.

Gosner, K.L. 1971. "Guide to Identification of Marine and Estuarine Invertebrates," Wiley-Interscience. New York.

Gosner, K.L. 1978. "A Field Guide to the Atlantic Seashore." Peterson Field Guides. Houghton Mifflin Company. New York.

Grosse, D.J., G.B. Pauley, and D. Moran. 1986. "Species Profiles: Life Histories and Environmental Requirements of Coastal Fishes and Invertebrates (Pacific Northwest): Amphipods." U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Biological Report 82(11.69). U.S. Army Corps of Engineers TR EL-82-4.

Grosslein, M.D., and T.R. Azarovitz. 1982. Fish Distribution. Mesa New York Bight Atlas Monograph 15. New York Sea Grant Institute. Albany, New York.

Hartman, O. 1947. "Polychaetous Annelids." University of Southern California Press. Los Angeles, California.

MacKenzie, C.L. 1990. "History of the Fisheries of Raritan Bay, New York and New Jersey." Marine Fisheries Review. Volume 52, Number 4. Pages 1 to 45.

MacKenzie, C.L. 1992. "The Fisheries of Raritan Bay." Rutgers University Press. New Brunswick, New Jersey.

Menzel, W. 1979. "Clams and Snails." Pages 371 to 396. In: C.W. Hart and S.L.H. Fuller, Jr., eds. Pollution Ecology of Estuarine Invertebrates. Academic Press. New York.

Mercer, L.P. 1989. "Species Profiles: Life Histories and Environmental Requirements of Coastal Fishes and Invertebrates (mid-Atlantic): Weakfish." U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Biological Report 82(11.109). U.S. Army Corps of Engineers TR EL-82-4.

Mills, E.L. 1967. "The Biology of an Ampeliscid Amphipod Crustacean Sibling Species Pair." J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada. Volume 24, Number 2. Pages 305 to 355.

Myers, P. 1997. "Class Polychaeta." University of Michigan Museum of Zoology's Animal Diversity Web Site. http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/annelida/polychaeta.html

National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). 1999. "NMFS Web Page." National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/

Newell, R.I.E. 1989. "Species Profiles: Life Histories and Environmental Requirements of Coastal Fishes and Invertebrates (mid-Atlantic): Blue Mussel." U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Biological Report 82(11.102). U.S. Army Corps of Engineers TR EL-82-4.

Pearce, J.B., D.J. Radosh, J.V. Caracciolo, and F.W. Steimle. 1981. Benthic Fauna. Mesa New York Bight Atlas Monograph 14. New York Sea Grant Institute. Albany, New York.

Phillips, J.M., M.T. Huish, J.H. Kerby, and D.P. Moran. 1989. "Species Profiles: Life Histories and Environmental Requirements of Coastal Fishes and Invertebrates (mid-Atlantic): Spot." U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Biological Report 82(11.98). U.S. Army Corps of Engineers TR EL-82-4.

Redmond, M., K.J. Scott, R.C. Swartz, and J.K.P. Jones. 1994. "Preliminary Culture and Life-Cycle Experiments with the Benthic Amphipod, Ampelisca abdita." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. Volume 13, Number 8. Pages 1355 to 1365.

Reish, D.J. 1979. "Bristle Worms." Pages 77 to 125. In: C.W. Hart and S.L.H. Fuller, Jr., eds. Pollution Ecology of Estuarine Invertebrates. Academic Press. New York.

Reish, D.J., and Barnard, J.L. 1979. "Amphipods." Pages 345 to 370. In: C.W. Hart and S.L.H. Fuller, Jr., eds. Pollution Ecology of Estuarine Invertebrates. Academic Press. New York.

Ristich, S.S., M. Crandall, and J. Fortier. 1977. "Benthic and Epibenthic Macroinvertebrates of the Hudson River." Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science. Volume 5. Pages 255 to 266.

Sellmer, G.P. 1967. "Functional Morphology and Ecological Life History of the Gem Clam, Gemma gemma." Malacologia. Volume 5, Number 2. Pages 137 to 223.

Speer, B.R. 1997. "Polychaeta: Life History and Ecology." University of California, Berkeley, Web Page. http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/annelida/polylh.html

Steimle, F.W., and J. Caracciolo-Ward. 1989. "A Reassessment of the Status of the Benthic Macrofauna of the Raritan Estuary." Estuaries. Volume 12, Number 3. Pages 145 to 156.

Walford, L. 1971. Review of Aquatic Resources and Hydrographic Characteristics of Raritan, Lower New York and Sandy Hook Bays. Battelle Institute, Sandy Hook Sport Fisheries Marine Laboratory. National Marine Fisheries Service.

Weiss, H.M. 1995. Marine Animals of Southern New England and New York. State Geological and Natural History Survey of Connecticut. Department of Environmental Protection.

Yozzo, D.J., and R.J. Diaz. 1999. "Tidal Freshwater Wetlands; Invertebrate Diversity, Ecology, and Functional Significance." Pages 889 to 918. In: D.P. Batzer, R.B. Rader, and S.A. Wissinger, eds. Invertebrates in Freshwater Wetlands of North America: Ecology and Management. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York.

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